Life Lessons in Maya Angelous Graduation Essay -- American Literature

Life Lessons in Maya Angelou's Graduation All through life we experience many venturing stones, Maya Angelou's personal paper Graduation, was about something other than proceeding onward to another evaluation. The surprising occasions that happened during the function empowered her to move on from the perspectives on a kid to the more experienced and once in a while upsetting perspectives on a grown-up. After perusing the story there is an underlying inclination of fervor and expectation which was immediately discolored with the sudden attention to human biases. The creator distinctively delineates a rainbow of huge state of mind transforms she experiences all through the story. From the start of the story there is a staggering feeling of expectation that has encompassed the whole network and school with the up and coming graduation. The communitie's association reinforces the creators fervor in her soul changing experience. Everybody is planning for the function and looking to perceive how it will influence the lives of those included. Just a little rate would be proceeding to school (835) and others were simply energized for the great discharge (834) from school. She sensed that she was large and in charge, all things considered, the graduating classes themselves were the respectability (834). It is evident how much pride she takes in her locale by the manner in which she depicts her class as a more distant family. (834). The creator's school was not the most amazing school contrasted with the white schools in the zone yet that couldn't damper the soul that was filling the air. Guardians who were purchasing or making new outfits for their alumni made every body including the creator the focal point of consideration. Her momma jump started out on [hers], (835) and she was swollen proudly that she would have been a mobile mod... ...fe she truly knew and felt where it counts profoundly of her being what the words genuinely implied. The words had brought back her expectation and pride in herself and in her locale. What Leavy had said was a deception and they could as they have in the past ascent over the world's bias. Exemplary nature came back to Angelou and the whole network; we were on top again.(841). During the paper the creator lost her honesty however graduated to a more profound gratefulness and clearness of what her identity is and who she could turn into. In her school with no obvious wall keeping the kids inside the schoolyard, there were the imperceptible wall of prejudice that attempted to restrain them from arriving at their maximum capacity. The creator finishes up, I know not what course others may take, yet concerning me, give me freedom or give me demise (841). Works Cited: Angelou, Maya. 'Graduation.' Cromley 29-39.

Right000 centerbottom Essays - , Term Papers

right000 centerbottom Vital Management Project 950000 Vital Management Project 1333505694045 00 Passage MOTOR COMPANY Put together by: Group5 Cao D ang Khoa - 295886 Nguyen Trieu Phuc Hai - 295902 Tran Nguyen Khoa Hung-295922 Submitted to THOMAS BRADLEY Official Summary Passage Motor Company faces numerous vital difficulties during these unpredictable monetary occasions. In the following month and a half, two of its significant rivals might be compelled to seek financial protection or sell resources. As of this composition, Ford is the most monetarily solid American vehicle producer and has enough money close by to proceed with tasks through monetary year 2009, if there are no further emotional decays in the market. Experts accept that the organization won't have to look for government financing except if vehicle deals for 2010 are underneath 12 million. While Ford, similar to all significant vehicle organizations as of now, faces genuine difficulties, we attest that open doors exist during whenever of emergency. We accept that Ford can, with our assistance, equal the initial investment in monetary year 2010 excepting further macroeconomic disintegration. This report makes the accompanying proposals to Ford Motor Company: 1) Ford should proceed with endeavors to auction the Volvo brand. The assets from this deal Ought to give Ford expanded adaptability during the coming year just as add to existing vital objectives. 2) Ford ought to widely get ready for the chapter 11 of Chrysler as well as General Engines. Such insolvencies represent a lot of hazard to Ford, including yet not Restricted to: the likelihood that the administration may picked a champ, the potential for GM to rise up out of chapter 11 with a huge cost bit of leeway, and flexibly chain Interruption coming about because of liquidations of common providers. While we accept that Any liquidation of Chrysler ought to be seen as a vital chance, we remain Profoundly worried about how the eventual fate of GM may affect Ford. For the time being, We accept that Ford should keep on benefiting from its rivals' precariousness and Take piece of the overall industry. 3) We have confidence in the board's One Ford' methodology and accept that the Ford Fiesta is ready for achievement in North America, whenever advertised accurately and executed appropriately. Proceeded with separation through the production of characterizing style and list of capabilities select to Ford vehicles is likewise a positive advance over the long haul. 4) We suggest that, at every possible opportunity, Ford should move creation from the US and the Euro Zone to Mexico and Eastern Europe. 5) We suggest that Ford abuse current open doors in China and apply money to increase its deals and piece of the overall industry. Over the long haul, Ford should likewise concentrate on extending its offer in India. We don't, be that as it may, suggest that Ford put noteworthy capital in the Indian market as of now. We accept that these suggestions are in accordance with the Ford theory and are in contact with its history as a family claimed organization. Industry conditions are quickly changing, and Ford's ideal following stages can't be completely explained upon until explicit data with respect to GM and Chrysler's future is declared. We anticipate the chance to offer proceeded with help for Ford Motor Company as the circumstance with Chrysler and General Motors creates, and accept that this report puts forth the ideal procedure for the organization at this point in time. Presentation The Company name: Ford Motor Company Portage Motor Company was established in 1903 by Henry Ford and has consistently stayed under family proprietorship since this time. For the main portion of the 21 st Century, Ford remained the prevailing vehicle producer inside the market it had adequately made. The Company strategic: Being a worldwide family with a pleased legacy energetically dedicated to giving individual versatility to individuals around the globe. Envisioning customer require and convey remarkable items and administrations that improve individuals' lives. Crucial: Ford just spotlight es on client, market and worry for open picture Organization vision is: to turn into the world's driving Consumer Company for car items and administrations. 2 Vision Evaluation: The vision explanation is very efficient as it features the items and contributions made by the organization. It additionally features that the organization is development situated and needs to be the main organization in the car business. Organization targets

How To Relax Your Mind and Slow Your Thoughts

How To Relax Your Mind and Slow Your Thoughts Happiness Print How to Relax Your Stressful Thoughts By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on October 13, 2019 peter zelei/Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All When your thoughts seem to be swimming, you may wonder how to relax your mind. And because learning how to relax your mind can bring benefits for your health and wellbeing, its worth taking a few minutes to learn how. Strategies for Relaxing Your Minds Stressful Thoughts Here are some simple tips for how to relax your mind. Meditation Meditation helps you learn how to relax your mind in a few different ways. One meditation session can calm your physiology and relax your mind, but many sessions over time can help you to feel less stressed when you face stress in the future--you can become more resilient to stress with the help of meditation. Meditation can clear your mind from thoughts that are stressing you, and over time, regular meditation can lead you to be less reactive to stress, and more resilient in the face of your stressors. Mantra meditation, one of many useful meditation techniques, is a good place to start because its simple. Cognitive Restructuring Cognitive restructuring is a strategy that shows you how to relax your mind by changing habitual thought patterns that trigger your stress response. Because we react to stressors that are a perceived threat to our wellbeing, if we can alter our perceptions to be more optimistic (and more accurate), we can learn how to relax the mind and experience less stress. Cognitive restructuring techniques can help you combat common cognitive distortions. Gratitude Journaling Shifting your focus from what stresses you, to everything you have to be grateful for, is one of those how to relax your mind tips that works quite well. Research on gratitude shows that cultivating an attitude of gratitude brings many benefits, and maintaining a gratitude journal is an easy way to accomplish this shift in focus. After a few weeks, you should find yourself zeroing in on the things in life that help you feel grateful instead of stressed, and a more relaxed mind will follow. Talk to a Good Friend Gaining social support from trusted friends can help you to process what youre feeling, and supply you with an influx of new and helpful ideas for how to manage your stressors, which can help you know how to relax your mind by helping you feel less burdened by your stressors. Thats why maintaining a supportive circle of friends is important. Getting out of a rumination rut by talking things out with a trusted confidante can help you feel more relaxed and provide the clarity you need to take action. Learn About Stress Management Learning more about stress and stress management and having a toolbox of habits and strategies that relieve stress can help you feel more equipped to handle whatever comes.

How to Calculate a Tip in Your Head

It is customary to leave a tip for many services that are supplied by people like waiters and waitresses, taxi drivers, hotel maids, moving company staff and hair salon staff to name a few. The rule of thumb amount is 15%, although there are varying thoughts as to the amount that would be appropriate for exceptional service (usually 20%) and poor service (10% or less). Some people frown on giving no tip, as in many instances the server is not the reason for the service issue; traffic snarls and kitchen issues can be the problems and these people rely on tips to supplement their minimum wage. So now that we have some ideas as to the etiquette involved, lets look at some simple math ideas to make the calculation simple but effective. Easy Way to Calculate a 15% Tip Rule of thumb — standard service — 15%. The most commonly used shortcut to 15% is to find 10% and then add a half. This is an easy calculation, since all you need to do to find 10% is move the decimal point one space to the left (make the number smaller). Consider a bill for 47.31. First impressions show us 10% is 4.70 and a half of this amount is 2.35, so a tip of 7.00 is reasonable. This is a simplification as we can do the exact math — 4.70 add 2.35 is 7.05 — but we are looking for an easy method, not an exacting science. Another sound strategy is to work from the highest place value, in other words, if the bill is in the 50s then the tip should be in the 7.50 range. If the bill is 124.00, the logic follows that 12 add 6 18 so a total of 124 add 18 or 142 is reasonable. Calculating a Tip Based on Sales Tax Another very sound strategy is to work from the sales tax. Look at your sales tax rates and devise a strategy based on the amount. In New York city, the tax on a meal is 8.75% so you can just double the amount of tax and your service provider is happy. There are also some fun and unique answers to the question of how to do the math without straining yourself. Consider the following examples that people have provided:Great service - bill times 10%, then doubled.Less then great service - bill times 10%. For a bill under $50:Great service - bill times 10% then doubled - you will be over 15 and the appreciation should be noticed.Good service - somewhere in between great and less than good. Add a little to less than good and you will be safe.Less than good service - bill times 10% - the message will be conveyed but you are smart enough to realize that it may not be their fault alone. For a bill over $50:Make sure you start your calculations based on the pre tax amount of your bill.Great service - 10% of the bill - doubled - round down.Less than great - 10% round down. With the exception of those bills where the tip is already included, tipping and how to figure out the tip is a very individualized experience. Estimation and rounding is something I do all the time for tipping as I am not going to worry about a few extra cents here and there. And tip-ically I round up as its a rare event when I dont feel like being generous when Im out for a meal. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

The Relationship Between Donnes Religious and Secular Verse.

Donnes love poetry and his religious verse have an extremely close relationship and this manifests itself in the presence of religious imagery and reference in his love poems, the presence of imagery in his religious poems that is more akin to that from courtly love, and in his style and technique. It is this sense of Donnes individuality that creates two types of poetry that, for all their differences, are strikingly similar. The holy sonnets refer to the old love poet characteristics of Donne, such as in ‘I am little world when he remembers ‘the fire of lust, or his words to his ‘profane mistress in ‘what if this present. However now he regrets and ‘repents his tears wasted on his past†¦show more content†¦He creates a sophisticated argument to persuade his mistress to go to bed with him, based on their union inside a flea which bit them both, before turning the entire argument on its head when she kills the flea stating that as such a union was so insignificant, so would their sexual union be and therefore it means ‘so little, what thou denyst me. This sense of argument is an important factor in the relationship between Donnes religious verse and his love poetry. The voice used in his secular poetry to address his listener (more often then not a woman), such as in ‘the flea, is the same as the voice used to address his listener in his holy sonnets (frequently God himself). This voice is personalised by the use of ‘I, and more often then not is using a logical argument to convince the intended listener of his point; In the same way Donne is willing to argue with women- suchShow MoreRelatedLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 Pagesto the inner lives of his characters C. His references to biblical scriptures D. His use of allegory 4. In the Iliad, whose death brought Achilles much sorrow and grief? A. Patroclus C. Nestor B. Thesthor D. Menelaus 5. Donne’s poems can best be described as _____________________ A. intellectual C. philosophical B. lyrical D. emotional 6. In Zeus’ plan, what is it that comes from suffering? A. The ecstasy of truth C. The certainty of more sufferingRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pagesare the personal statements an author makes about his or her life and work in prefaces, letters, journals, notebooks, and critical writings— and they can tell us a great deal about the author, the times in which he lived and wrote, and the relationship between the author and the work. They can also tell us something about the author’s intentions. Although there is a great and natural temptation to take the author at his word, conclusions about theme that are erected on the author’s own statement

Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror Free Essays

string(160) " Since it is a movie, it has visuals to work with as well as music, and although it was made with a small budget, it looked and it felt eal, according to King\." Danse Macabre, he views Lovecraft as a major impact in the field of dark horror fiction writing and also acknowledges the fact that King himself considered him as a major source of inspiration, which was embedded In his style of writing. When he reminisces about how he got Introduced to the genre, he states that his first pick of the countless texts happened to be one of Lovecraft’s short stones. King mentions, that although many consider this writer as a hack. We will write a custom essay sample on Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror or any similar topic only for you Order Now hat could be clearly seen from his writings is that â€Å"the man himself took his work eriously*’ (Danse Macabre 1 17), Based on the excellent horror works that Lovecraft produced, Stephen King shares the belief, that the most powerful horrors could only work, if the reader felt the weight of the size of the universe and the contradictory size of one individual, and these works implied such not mentioned forces so powerful, that they could â€Å"destroy us all If they so much as grunted In their sleep† (Danse Macabre 80). This, as a matter of fact, Is the basis for all xenophobic tales and serves as a basis tor creating the scary atmosphere and which Lovecraft efers to as ‘cosmic fear’. We have established that a working piece of macabre is one that has the ability to create a connection with our feeling of fear. However, this cannot stand by itself and it is the writer’s responsibility to portray these embodiments. A great amount of imagination is essential from the reader’s part for the piece of horror to work, King however looks at imagination both as a blessing and a curse (Danse Macabre x), since people with a massive Imagination are the sanest, most down-to-earth people, they are clear on the dangers posed on our everyday Ilfe rom almost any direction. King refers to this phenomenon as ‘seeing in darker spectrums’ (Danse Macabre x), which is a healthy outlook on the world, healthier than the so-called ‘ostrich policy’, where one acts as if the problem is non-existent. That is why he Jokingly mentions readers of horror as ‘sick, but lively puppies’ (Danse Macabre x). Accepting the fact that threats are all around us one makes it easier to go on with life, since this can be viewed as accepting our mortality and not being clouded by delusions of Invlnclblllty. However, merely reallzlng the dangers Is not ufficient, one has to watch out not to go to extremes: because neither could work, both ends of the extreme reject something vitally important to our everyday life. That is why it is Imperative to find a balance between reality and imagination. And since readers of horror have a pretty stable mindset despite the topics they are reading about, we can agree with King when he calls readers of horror saner the average person (Danse Macabre Why Horror Is Needed To some extent every person needs horror In their life according to King. He believes that by exposing ourselves to unreal and fearful scenarios through different media, e exert a therapy that is most beneficial to our healthy mindset. King mentions in his foreword of his short story collection Night Shift, that many view the love of horror as an unhealthy obsession. He calls it ‘slowing down and looking at the accident’ syndrome (3), because people are curious by nature, always looking for stories and answers, even though they may not find one. And when the time comes that one has to Tina tne answer, It may not De solved alone. I nat Is wny Klng says tnat norror fiction is a ‘safety valve, a kind of dreaming awake’ (Danse Macabre x), which means hat it is used to let pressure out, since as he says ‘the world of our normal lives looks ever so much better when the bad dream ends’. We take refuge in make-believe terrors, we know evil is lurking around and seeing it come to life reassures us of the fact, that we are not paranoid and there are other people out there who think alike about the dangers in our everyday lives. It is a battle one has to fght with a real life emotion by oneself. But a horror fiction can only work if the reader is personally touched. ‘They grope into our subconscious minds, and find the things so terrible we annot articulate them and confront them’ (Danse Macabre xi), which is in Stephen King’s opinion a definition of horror of good quality and what every artist should strive to achieve when creating a tale that was meant to scare. By stimulating our ‘psychological pressure point’ (Danse Macabre 86) as he calls it – usually in connection with our own mortality – writers might be able to evoke the type of fear that King is trying to describe. This however has to be done not on a direct level, but with the use of symbols in the horror piece. The writers strive to create a dream-like tmosphere in hopes of illustrating or recreating the nature of their problem in the reader’s mind. Dreams are volatile forms of coping, unless it hits the ‘pressure points’, the impact might not be as deep and it might be forgotten in a short amount of time. As King puts it: [A great horror story is] one that functions on a symbolic level, using fictional (and sometimes supernatural) events to help us understand our own deepest real fears (Danse Macabre xi). He emphasizes ‘understand’ here and avoids saying ‘know’, because if one is introduced to it without actually having the roper background explained; one would lack the ability to confront it or would not be able to come up with a plan to tackle it. Only supernatural elements, however, make it harder for the reader to exercise their suspension of disbelief; another essential tool has to be integrated, which is none other than realistic elements. In his book King mentions, that he particularly remembers a movie, which had a great impact on him: The Blair Witch Project. Since it is a movie, it has visuals to work with as well as music, and although it was made with a small budget, it looked and it felt eal, according to King. Although in the movie itself there is not much action and we do not see the witch, Just by placing it in a very realistic environment, it made the film believably true, further supporting the idea of realism as a ground for suspense. But making a good horror is hard, since the genre and the audience are constantly changing in the sense that new topics need to be introduced every once in a while. Horror writing is a very volatile and delicate form of art, says King, and it is in constant need of innovation. What worked once may not work again, â€Å"catching ightning in a bottle†, revisiting the same ideas may wear out after a time (Danse Macabre xii). As time passes the object of people’s fears are changing, while at the same time it stays the same on an instinctive level, that is why horror writers need to invent new ways to make us fear the unknown and to let us indulge in its dark atmosphere. Horror works on two levels: ‘gross-out’ level, meaning the distasteful images and the horrid monsters in the tale, and on a more potent level, describing horror as a kind of dance, a slow rhythmic search for our deepest level of emotions, he simple and brutally plane hole of a Stone Age cave-dweller (Danse Macabre 218). I nls Is Daslcally slmllar to wnat LovecraTt was trylng to explaln In nls essay, tne instinctive fear that has been present since people exist. So we can conclude that the definition of a real danse macabre is when the creator of a horror story is able to unite the conscious and the subconscious mind with one potent idea, usually with a dash of realism and an equal amount of supernatural used, so that the readers can still rely on their suspension of disbelief. Is Horror Art? We have established, that for a good horror to be written, many elements have to be in place. And that raises the question: is horror a form of art. Although this is a yes- no question, the answer to this is not as simple as it looks like. Not every piece of this genre can be viewed as a form of art, because several elements have to work together to create a good horror story. King goes ahead and claims that since it was composed like a piece of music or painting, and it was looking for something that would predate art: phobic pressure points (Danse Macabre 18), then we can safely all horror an art form. This point of view might be a bit biased; King himself admits that he is an avid fan of the genre. He does agree with the fact that some narratives are not as well thought out as they should be, but he does not mention that by doing so, they are failing to fulfill their primary purpose of introducing readers to their own fears. Carroll on the other hand has a more critical approach on the subject: he agrees that it might as well be an artistic genre, but generalization of it should be avoided (38). He calls horror a â€Å"concept with fuzzy and perhaps developing oundaries†, which basically suggests that it does not require a tight definition. We could try and categorize horror by how well it exerts the phobic pressure point idea. Most works are able to find the so-called national phobic pressure points – which as the name suggests, is not aimed at the individual, it is experienced on a grander scale -, most successful pieces of horror media always plays upon and express fears which exist across a wide spectrum of people, fears often political, economic, and psychological rather than supernatural. In connection to this phenomenon King entions the time, when the movie version of Invasion of the Body Snatchers came out. The motion picture had come out at the time of the Red Scare, when people were afraid that their close friends or even relatives might be communists. The movie tells the story of an everyday American little town, with everyday American people who are slowly being replaced by pod-people, who look and act like the switched humans. We can see the parallelism between the two and although Finney, whose book was the one that got adapted into film format, claimed that the story itself was written ithout any intent of a political undertone. But because of the timing, it has emerged as one of the most well-known horror tales. Another example of well-timed symbolism that has affected big audiences would be the emerging of the zombie culture. Taking a look at the historical overview, we can determine that this fad has been gaining ground since the terrorist-scare in America. The image of ruthless, animalistic, seemingly unstoppable beings that only know how to kill and hunt people without remorse would be exactly how the American government tries to depict errorists. We can agree that applying pressure on the national phobic pressure points work, still, King raises an interesting paradox about the issue: it is a generally accepted idea that negative emotions are usually associated with ‘mob instincts’, when in reality these are what drive wedges between individuals, and then we are lett alone wltn our Tears, ana In Tact tney ao not unlte us. Yurtnermore ne asks wny we need make-believe horror when there is so much real horror going on in life (Danse Macabre 27). Or putting it another way: why people need stories of isintegration, Just to, by outletting our pent up emotions, bring them back to a constructive state again. The answer is right there in the question, to help people cope with the harshness of reality in the form of entertainment. this feeling of reintegration, arising from a field specializing in death, fear, and monstrosity, that makes a danse macabre so rewarding and magical†¦ that, and the boundless ability of the human imagination to create endless dream worlds and then put them to work† (Danse Macabre 28) – explains Stephen King why he chose this particular media to express himself. How to cite Stephen King Ars Poetica on Horror, Papers

Physical and Mental Risks of Steroid Use

The dangers of steroid use and abuse remain well documented in the health science literature yet the demand for these performance enhancing supplements appears as strong as ever. Adolescents as well as competitive athletes feel intense pressure to perform and to fit a certain physical aesthetic ideal.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Physical and Mental Risks of Steroid Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, this pressure to meet short term competitive and social needs tends to supersede the long term health risks involved in steroid use and abuse. This paper examines recent literature that details the numerous and dangerous health complications that can result from steroid use and abuse, including multi-organ damage, depression, immune system impairment, stunted growth, and suicide (Tygart, 2009). CEO of the United States Anti Doping Agency Travis Tygart (2009) devotes most of his time and ene rgy working with youth sports associations as well as competitive athletes to devise educational curricula which can help eliminate the use and abuse of performance-enhancing steroids in amateur and professional athletics (Tygart, 2009). Tygart’s report stresses the importance of understanding the drive to take steroids in the first place, especially amongst young athletes. Sometimes this pressure originates in the competitive aspect of sports itself, and other times these youth glean pressure from the media, which tends to be overly focused on the importance of physical attractiveness (Tygart, 2009). Although some side effects from steroids diminish over time, many are in fact often irreversible (Tygart, 2009). Young people face the highest risk as steroid abuse can have an impact on their growth over the course of puberty, and can lead to long-term physical underdevelopment, not to mention a compromised immune system (Tygart, 2009). Other physical side effects that may endu re over the long term include male pattern baldness, liver damage, testicular atrophy, impotence, decline in sperm production, and breast enlargement in males (Tygart, 2009). In females who abuse steroids, the lasting impact can include hair growth on the face, chest, stomach, and back, interruption or utter termination of the menstrual cycle, enlargement of the clitoris, and deepening of the voice (Tygart, 2009). Steroids also affect users psychologically. Tygart (2009) highlights the prevalence of extreme violent behavioral episodes and uncontrolled rage, often referred to colloquially as â€Å"roid rage,† as well as hyper sexuality, both of which can lead to deviant sexual behavior and criminal conduct. Tygart (2009) details the problems faced by youth and competitive athletes once they stop taking steroids, which can include severe depression.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some instances, former steroid users and abusers will take their own lives (Tygart, 2009). Tygart (2009) also points to subjective reports from former Eastern block athletes who competed during the 1970s and 1980s and now suffer from heart disease, infertility, breast cancer and testicular cancer. Tygart (2009) feels strongly that the media plays a crucial role in its depiction of performance enhancing drugs. The media still tends to glorify winning at all costs, and touts examples of professional athletes who abused steroids and were able to successfully camouflage the drugs when it came time to pass the anti doping tests (Tygart, 2009). The media can be a valuable ally for the anti doping movement in providing the whole story about the long term health effects of steroid use, and becoming a force for education and ethical fair play in sports (Tygart, 2009). Samaha et al’s (2008) journal article details the â€Å"diverse array of pathologies† that patients who abuse anabolic steroids and similar performance enhancing drugs manifest in later life once the drug cycle has ended. The article reports on one particular case that concerns the grave physiological, psychiatric and physical health complications experienced by a 24 year old male patient, â€Å"resulting from the abuse and uncontrolled use of anabolic steroid supplements, mainly testosterone† (Samaha et al, 2008). The patient was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain, whereupon he reported that he had been taking testosterone intravenously three times per week for eight weeks (Samaha et al, 2008). Doctors found damage had occurred in numerous vital organs, including the liver and pancreas. The patient was then formally admitted for treatment, with an initial diagnosis of â€Å"acute pancreatitis, acute renal failure and hypercalcemia† (Samaha et al, 2008). Samaha et al (2008) explained the multi-organ damage displayed in the patient as hypercalcemia whi ch had happened as a consequence of the anabolic steroid injections he took, as â€Å"anabolic steroids modulate steroid hydroxylase activity thereby precipitating hypercalcemia.† Samaha et al (2008) also detail the psychological effects of uncontrolled anabolic steroid use, which can include acute depression, bipolar disorders, and panic attacks. The authors lament the discrepancy of medical data and dearth of accurate information on these â€Å"widely abused drugs,† coupled with the rampant and unrestrained proliferation among amateur and professional athletes and body builders, and highlight the need for a â€Å"worldwide collective endeavor to educate both the public and physicians about this issue† (Samaha et al, 2008). The authors understand that if the trend in steroid abuse continues at its current rate of spread, â€Å"medically-supervised withdrawal and†¦psychiatric support† for those coming off steroids will become a medical imperative (Sa maha et al, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Physical and Mental Risks of Steroid Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Graham et al.’s (2008) article in the Sports Medicine journal details the widespread use of anabolic-androgenic steroids, or AAS, as a means to achieve hypertrophy and increase muscle strength in males, both athletes and non-athletes. A particular focus of these researchers was the sport of body building, wherein athletes â€Å"are using [anabolic-androgenic steroids] to improve size and cosmetic appearance† (Graham et al, 2008). However, the authors also caution that AAS use is not limited to the bodybuilding sector. Rather, â€Å"the prevalence of AAS use has risen dramatically over the last two decades and filtered into all aspects of society† (Graham et al., 2008). One key issue facing anabolic-androgenic steroid abusers is lack of support once they decide to withdraw from the drugs. The authors note that while support for steroid abusers has increased somewhat, it remains hamstrung by the fact that the â€Å"medical profession†¦will not accept that AAS use dependency is a psychiatric condition† (Graham et al., 2008). Other problems the researchers detail in anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse, particularly in the body building culture, remains the unbridled practice of self prescription, often by those with little or no pharmaceutical or scientific knowledge of the long term effects of the drugs they self prescribe. Graham et al. (2008) point to the fact that â€Å"polypharmacy by self-prescription is prevalent in this sector †¦used in sport by individuals who have acquired knowledge of the half-lives of specific drugs and the dosages and cycles required to avoid detection† (Graham et al., 2008). Given that bodybuilders use anabolic-androgenic steroids in massive doses to gain muscle mass and size, often these athletes are results focused, and have â€Å"little or no regard for the consequences† (Graham et al., 2008). Graham et al. (2008) list the numerous dangers implicit in uncontrolled use and abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids, including reproductive issues such as infertility, testicular degeneration in males, and secondary interference with the menstrual cycle in females. Adverse side effects will manifest on the basis of dosage, the particular cocktail of steroid or combination of anabolic-androgenic steroids the user ingests, as well as the duration of the abuse itself (Graham et al., 2008). The authors categorize the negative side effects according to the afflicted organ. The study found affects in all major organs: the brain, the skin, in the form of cystic acne, the liver, which suffers â€Å"adenoma, carcinoma, peliosis hepatis, [and] cholestatic jaundice†, the cardiovascular system, which manifests â€Å"atrial fibrillation and alteration in lipid profile an d arterial structure and function,† and finally the â€Å"gonadal systems, including the prostate and testes in males and the ovaries in females† (Graham et al., 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The widespread use of steroids in many sports has become the elephant in the room in recent years. The long term negative health effects of these drugs rarely find the light of day in the media, however, and the medical establishment, according to much of the research covered in this paper, remains ill equipped to effectively treat the physical and psychological impact of steroid abuse (Graham et al., 2008). Also, the demand for the drugs themselves often stem from a pervasive sense of inadequacy amongst youth and athletes alike. Until the health sciences discover a means to successfully communicative worth and value independent of winning at all costs in sports, young athletes will continue to seek the competitive edge, and cause irreparable harm to their bodies in the interim. References Graham, M.R., et al. (2008). Anabolic steroid use: patterns of use and detection of doping. Sports Medicine 38 (6), 505-525. Samaha, A. A., et al. (2008). Multi-organ damage induced by anabolic st eroid supplements: a case report and literature review. Journal of Medical Case Reports 2 (340), 1-6. Tygart, T. (2009). Steroids, the media, and youth: a QA with Travis Tygart. The Prevention Researcher, 16(S1), 7-9. This research paper on Physical and Mental Risks of Steroid Use was written and submitted by user Hailey Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.